OSHA Standards: How to Choose Between Stairs and Ladders

When planning access equipment for factories and warehouses, it is necessary to choose the appropriate equipment, such as stairs or fixed ladders, depending on the intended use and installation conditions. An incorrect selection may not only compromise worker safety but also fail to meet OSHA standards, potentially requiring corrective action.

OSHA stipulates different requirements depending on the type of access equipment and the installation angle. To help you decide whether to choose stairs or fixed ladders, this article explains the differences in the applicable standards and the safety measures required for each.

OSHA Classification Standards by Angle

OSHA specifies a range of 30 to 50 degrees from the horizontal for standard stairs and 50 to 70 degrees for ship stairs. For ladders, OSHA's guidance indicates a range of 60 to 90 degrees from the horizontal. When installing stairs or fixed ladders, please check the OSHA requirements applicable to each type of access equipment.

When to Consider Installing Stairs

Stairs are suitable for routes that workers frequently travel or places where workers are expected to climb while carrying tools or materials. In areas that serve as routes for multiple people or also function as emergency evacuation routes, it is important to plan the access equipment after verifying the applicable safety requirements.

When to Consider Installing Fixed Ladders

In environments where stairs cannot be installed due to limited installation space, a fixed ladder may be appropriate. Fixed ladders are commonly used to provide access to rooftop equipment, tanks, and other elevated areas.

However, fall protection requirements may apply depending on the height of the ladder above a lower level and the date of installation. In particular, fixed ladders that extend more than 24 feet (approximately 7.3 m) above a lower level are subject to specific fall protection requirements. For new fixed ladders installed on or after November 19, 2018, a personal fall arrest system or ladder safety system is generally required. For detailed requirements, see OSHA 1910.28(b)(9).

Different Safety Measures for Stairs and Ladders

How to Choose the Right Access Equipment for Your Facility

Choosing between stairs and ladders requires a comprehensive assessment of multiple factors, including the installation angle, frequency of use, whether workers need to carry tools or materials, available installation space, and whether the access route also serves as an emergency evacuation route. It is essential to thoroughly evaluate the facility's intended use and installation conditions and select access equipment that meets the applicable OSHA requirements.

If You Are Considering OSHA-Compliant Stairs or Fixed Ladders

When installing access equipment in factories or warehouses, you need to choose between stairs and fixed ladders while also ensuring that the applicable OSHA requirements are met based on the intended use and frequency of use.

If you are considering access equipment for your facility, such as standard industrial stairs, roof access stairs, or fixed ladders for maintenance, consider consulting experienced manufacturers or specialists from the initial design stage. By receiving support in evaluating project conditions and confirming applicable safety standards, you can help your project proceed smoothly.